ДЛИННЫЕ НЕКОДИРУЮЩИЕ РНК И ИХ ФУНКЦИИ
В обзоре рассматривается роль длинных некодирующих РНК (lncRNA) в регуляции генных сетей с высокой степенью сложности. Приводится классификация всех не кодирующих белок РНК (вовлеченных в синтез белка, участвующих в посттранскрипционном изменении мРНК либо репликации ДНК, регуляторных). Обсуждается роль различных lncRNA в регуляции геноспецифической транскрипции, посттранскрипционной регуляции, инактивации Х-хромосомы (такова, например, HOTAIR – перепрограммирующая состояние хроматина или Xist РНК, кото- рая связывается с белковым комплексом PRC2, обусловливая инактивацию генов Х-хромосомы). Рассматривается роль lncRNA, в частности TelRNA, в регуляции длины теломер и в репликативном старении. Обсуждается также характер экспрессии lncRNA в тканях нервной системы на примере такого эволюционно консервативного транскрипта, как TUNA. Кроме того, приводятся литературные данные о возможном участии различных типов lncRNA в развитии ряда заболеваний, в том числе онкологических и сердечно-сосудистых.
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